ABSTRACT
Background: Prevalence of CAD in urban India is about double that of rural India and about 4-fold higher than in United States. Mortality related to CAD is high in Indian Population. Early diagnosis can prevent the CAD related morbidity and mortality. Aims and objectives is to study and compare the CIMT among the patients with CAD and asymptomatic control group.Methods: Hundred patients with CAD were studied for the CIMT and compared with age and sex matched asymptomatic control subjects in Department of Medicine of G. R. Medical College, Gwalior for one year from 2012 to 2013. Details on history, risk factors and presenting symptoms were recorded for all. High resolution B mode ultrasonography was performed to assess CIMT of carotid arteries.Results: CAD was more prevalent among males (78%) having mean age of 56.82±8.91 years. Majority of CAD patients had dyslipidemia (42%) followed by hypertension (21%), diabetes (13%) and smoking (17%). Majority of the CAD patients had chest pain (98%) followed by breathlessness (54%) and sweating (12%) as the most common presenting symptom. Mean CIMT was significantly more among the CAD patients (0.76±0.34) as compared to those without it (0.63±0.22) (p<0.001).Conclusions: CIMT was found to be more in CAD as compared to asymptomatic control subjects. CIMT can be an important tool for assessing CAD and atherosclerosis.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Association between Chronic kidney disease(CKD) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)is well established. Relationships of carotid intima-mediathickness (CIMT) as a measure of subclinical atherosclerosisin CKD patients is a matter of debate. Current research aimedto study the role of CIMT in CKD patients and its associationwith the CKD staging.Material and Methods: Hundred CKD patients werestudied and compared with 50 subjects without CKD in theDepartment of Medicine, G.R. Medical College & J.A. Groupof Hospitals, Gwalior (M.P.) India. GFR was determined byMDRD (Modification of diet in renal study) equation. Studypopulations were subjected for high resolution B - modeCarotid ultrasonography.Results: In case group, majority were males (68%) havingage between 30-60 years (62%). Majority had stage V CKD(67%), 21% had stage III and 14% had stage IV CKD.Majority of the cases had CIMT between 0.9-1.0 mm (42%)followed by 0.7-0.8 mm (17%) as compared to 0.5-0.6 mm(42%) in control. Mean CIMT was significantly higher incases (0.87±0.24) as compared to control (0.61±0.34) group(p<0.001). No significant difference in mean CIMT was foundbetween different stages of CKD (p=0.649).Conclusion: CKD patients have significantly more carotidarterial wall thickness in comparison to age matched controls.The CIMT does not differ in different stages of CKD.
ABSTRACT
Background: A significant percent of cardiovascular event occurs without well-known modifiable risk. A new tool for early identification for atherosclerosis is required for early intervention. Aims and objectives of the study was to study the risk factors for CAD and its correlation with CIMT.Methods: One hundred and forty subjects were studied for the risk factors of CAD in Department of Medicine of G.R. Medical College, Gwalior from 2012 to 2013. Out of 140 subjects, 100 were patients having CAD and 40 age matched subjects were included as control group. Data was also recorded from their offspring. High resolution B mode ultrasonography was performed to assess CIMT of carotid arteries. The maximum CIMT of any one side of carotid artery was taken for study.Results: CAD was more prevalent among males (78%). Majority of the offspring of cases had age between 28-42 years and majority were male (73%). Most common risk factors for CAD was dyslipidemia (48%), hypertension (24%), diabetes (12%) and smoking (21%), whereas in offspring’s of CAD patients, dyslipidemia was seen in 28%, hypertension in 3%, diabetes and tobacco smoking in 12% and 24% respectively. The CIMT of CAD patients was significantly increased with increasing the number of risk factors and the same pattern was also seen in controls. The CIMT of asymptomatic offspring’s having positive family history was significantly more than the asymptomatic offspring without positive family history of CAD.Conclusions: CIMT measurements can be used as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis as it has showed a direct link with number of risk factors of CAD.